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Binding and internalization of herpes simplex virus-antibody complexes by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Abstract:
We studied the interactions between rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the RE strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to determine better the role of inflammatory cells in herpetic stromal keratitis. PMN were found to be nonpermissive for HSV replication and were unable to bind virus in the absence of antibody. However, PMN did bind and internalize HSV-antibody complexes in vitro as was demonstrated visually by electron microscopic studies and quantitatively by measurement of activity associated with radiolabeled HSV-antibody complexes. Virus used for immune complex formation was labeled with either 125Iodine or 35S-methionine. In some experiments, anti-HSV IgG used for immune complex formation was labeled with 125Iodine before incubation with virus. Use of all three radiolabeling approaches resulted in the same general pattern of binding, indicating a requirement for both antibody and virus for interaction with PMN. The activity associated with PMN was increased by preincubation with complement. The results suggest an active role for PMN in controlling HSV infection through their ability to bind and ingest virus-antibody complexes.
Insights
Rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) do not support herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication but can bind and internalize virus-antibody complexes, suggesting a role for PMN in controlling HSV infections.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Herpetic stromal keratitis is an ocular disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
- The role of inflammatory cells, specifically polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), in the pathogenesis and resolution of herpetic stromal keratitis is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interactions between rabbit PMN and HSV-1.
- To elucidate the role of PMN in controlling HSV infection, particularly in the context of herpetic stromal keratitis.
Main Methods:
- Studied interactions between rabbit PMN and the RE strain of HSV-1 in vitro.
- Utilized electron microscopy to visualize PMN-HSV interactions.
- Quantified binding of radiolabeled HSV-antibody complexes to PMN (using 125Iodine or 35S-methionine for virus labeling, and 125Iodine for antibody labeling).
- Assessed the effect of complement preincubation on PMN activity.
Main Results:
- PMN were found to be nonpermissive for HSV-1 replication.
- PMN did not bind free HSV-1 but effectively bound and internalized HSV-antibody complexes.
- Binding of immune complexes to PMN was enhanced by preincubation with complement.
- Consistent binding patterns were observed across different radiolabeling methods for virus and antibody.
Conclusions:
- PMN play a significant role in controlling HSV infection.
- PMN exert control through the binding and ingestion of virus-antibody complexes.
- These findings highlight the immune system's mechanisms in managing herpetic infections.