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DSCAM differentially modulates pre- and postsynaptic structural and functional central connectivity during visual

Rommel A Santos1, Ariel J C Fuertes1, Ginger Short1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697-4550, USA.

Neural Development
|September 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) differentially regulates neuronal wiring. DSCAM limits dendrite growth in tectal neurons and promotes axon arborization in retinal ganglion cells, impacting visual circuit formation.

Keywords:
Axon branchingBipolar cellDSCAMDendritogenesisIn vivo imagingOptic tectumRetinaRetinal ganglion cellXenopus laevis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Proper neuronal circuit formation requires precise patterning of dendritic and axonal arbors.
  • Molecular cues guide arbor morphology, but real-time mechanisms for pre- and postsynaptic arbor development remain unclear.
  • Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is investigated for its role in shaping neuronal morphology in the developing visual system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how DSCAM differentially shapes dendritic morphology of central neurons and presynaptic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons.
  • To elucidate the cell-autonomous roles of DSCAM in tectal neurons and RGCs during visual circuit development.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted single-cell knockdown and overexpression of DSCAM in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
  • Real-time in vivo confocal microscopy to visualize RGC axonal and tectal dendritic arbors over 3 days.
  • Visually guided behavioral assays and analysis of VGLUT/VGAT expression to assess functional deficits.

Main Results:

  • Downregulating DSCAM in tectal neurons increased dendritic growth and branching, causing tortuous paths.
  • Overexpressing DSCAM reduced tectal neuron dendritic branching and growth.
  • DSCAM knockdown in RGCs slowed axon arborization rate and simplified axonal arbors, without affecting RGC dendrites.
  • Functional deficits in visual behavior correlated with altered VGLUT/VGAT expression in the tectum.

Conclusions:

  • DSCAM controls both pre- and postsynaptic structural and functional connectivity in the developing retinotectal circuit.
  • DSCAM acts as a neuronal brake, limiting and guiding tectal neuron dendrite growth.
  • DSCAM cell-autonomously facilitates arborization of presynaptic RGC axons.