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Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Random and Systematic Errors01:20

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
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Odontogenic carcinosarcoma: A systematic review.

Lauren Frenzel Schuch1, José Alcides Almeida de Arruda1, Leni Verônica Oliveira Silva1

  • 1Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Oral Oncology
|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Odontogenic carcinosarcoma is an aggressive cancer. This review highlights its features, treatment, and poor prognosis, aiding in diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
CarcinosarcomaClinical featuresHead and neck cancerNeoplasmsOdontogenic tumorsOral cancerOral oncologyRecurrence rate

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Odontogenic carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy.
  • Limited data exists on its clinical features, treatment, and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive systematic review of odontogenic carcinosarcoma.
  • To analyze its characteristics, treatment modalities, and recurrence patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic literature search (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS) up to March 2018.
  • Inclusion of studies with sufficient clinical, imaging, and histopathological data.
  • Descriptive and statistical analysis, including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Main Results:

  • Nine articles from eight countries were included, detailing nine cases.
  • Lesions predominantly affected males, presenting as painful posterior mandibular swelling.
  • Radiographic features included large, ill-defined radiolucencies, often associated with pre-existing odontogenic lesions.
  • Radical surgery was the primary treatment; recurrences, metastasis, and death were frequently observed.

Conclusions:

  • Odontogenic carcinosarcoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis.
  • This systematic review provides valuable insights for improved diagnosis and management.
  • Collaboration among surgeons, oncologists, and pathologists is crucial for patient care.