Trends in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: a retrospective observational study using...

Area of Science:

• Pharmacovigilance
• Epidemiology
• Global Health

Background:

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use has increased globally.
• Prevalence data across different world regions for ADHD medication use remains largely unknown.
• This study addresses the need for comprehensive regional and national prevalence data.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the regional and national prevalence of ADHD medication use in children and adults.
• To analyze time trends in ADHD medication prevalence across diverse geographical areas.
• To provide insights into global patterns of ADHD pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective, observational study utilizing population-based databases from 13 countries and one SAR.
• A common protocol ensured consistent definition of study populations and parameters.
• Data spanned from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2015, including individuals aged 3 years and older.

Main Results:

• In 2010, ADHD medication prevalence in children (3-18 years) varied from 0.27% to 6.69% globally, with North America showing the highest (4.48%).
• Prevalence increased over time in all regions for both children and adults, with North America also leading adult prevalence (1.42% in 2010).
• Methylphenidate was the most frequently prescribed ADHD medication across most assessed countries.

Conclusions:

• Significant increases in ADHD medication use over time were observed, alongside substantial regional disparities.
• Consistent implementation of evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice is recommended.
• Further research is needed on the long-term safety and effectiveness of ADHD medications, especially in adults.