Where Vectors Collide: The Importance of Mechanisms Shaping the Realized Niche for Modeling Ranges of Invasive

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Invasive Species Biology
• Medical Entomology

Background:

• Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are invasive vector mosquitoes with overlapping distributions.
• Current distribution models often overlook species interactions, focusing solely on abiotic factors.
• Evidence suggests competitive interactions significantly influence the spatial dynamics of these species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of interspecific competition in the distribution changes of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
• To identify key mechanisms driving competitive displacement between these two mosquito species.
• To highlight the need for incorporating species interactions into predictive distribution models.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing evidence of competitive interactions and distribution changes.
• Analysis of habitat segregation and range/abundance reductions attributed to interspecific competition.
• Evaluation of reproductive interference (satyrization) and larval resource competition as displacement mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Strongest evidence for displacement found in habitat segregation and significant reductions of A. aegypti in areas invaded by A. albopictus.
• Asymmetric reproductive interference (satyrization) and larval resource competition, favoring A. albopictus, are primary displacement mechanisms.
• Local environmental differences or alternative ecologies can explain variations in invasion outcomes where competition is weak.

Conclusions:

• Interspecific competition, particularly reproductive interference and resource competition, is a critical factor shaping the distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
• Future predictive distribution models for these disease vectors must integrate species interactions to accurately forecast their realized niches and future spread.
• Further experimental testing of competition mechanisms and development of interaction-inclusive models are needed.