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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Group Therapy01:26

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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
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Post SABCS local therapy and radiology.

Florian Fitzal1

  • 1Department of Surgery and Breast Health Center, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Memo
|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Micrometastasis does not warrant axillary dissection in breast cancer treatment. Sentinel lymph node involvement and neoadjuvant chemotherapy impact non-sentinel node metastasis risk, guiding surgical and radiation decisions.

Keywords:
Breast surgeryDuctal carcinoma in situLocal therapyMagnetic resonance imagingResection margin

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Recent advancements in local therapy and radiological assessment for breast cancer were presented.
  • Clinical data on surgical and radiotherapy techniques are evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a personal perspective on clinically relevant data presented this year.
  • To highlight key findings regarding local therapy and radiological aspects in breast cancer management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of oral presentations and posters on breast cancer therapy.
  • Synthesis of data on surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and radiological findings.

Main Results:

  • Micrometastasis is not an indication for axillary dissection.
  • Sentinel lymph node status predicts non-sentinel node metastasis, informing axillary dissection decisions.
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces non-sentinel lymph node metastasis.
  • A 2mm margin is optimal for local recurrence after breast conservation.
  • Radiotherapy omission is suggested for low-risk DCIS under 2.5cm (pT1a G1).
  • B3 biopsy findings rarely indicate invasive cancer, questioning extensive surgical approaches.
  • MRI is standard before and after neoadjuvant therapy.
  • Postmastectomy radiotherapy benefits are limited to ypN2 patients after neoadjuvant therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical and radiotherapy decisions should be guided by sentinel lymph node status and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Optimizing margins in breast conservation and selecting appropriate candidates for radiotherapy are crucial.
  • Radiological assessments, particularly MRI, play a vital role in neoadjuvant therapy monitoring.