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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Bias01:22

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Rethinking the Negativity Bias.

Jennifer Corns1

  • 1Philosophy, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, 67-69 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK.

Review of Philosophy and Psychology
|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The negativity bias, suggesting bad is stronger than good, is widely accepted in psychology. This philosophical scrutiny argues for rejecting this principle and proposes alternative hedonic hypotheses.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Affective Science
  • Philosophy

Background:

  • The negativity bias posits that negative stimuli have a greater causal impact than positive stimuli.
  • This principle is a widely accepted constraint in affective science with broad implications.
  • The concept suggests that 'bad is stronger than good' in psychological and emotional processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To subject the negativity bias to philosophical scrutiny.
  • To challenge the established principle of negativity bias.
  • To propose alternative hypotheses in hedonic science.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation and critical analysis.
  • Examination of the causal efficacy of positive versus negative experiences.

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  • Development of alternative theoretical frameworks.

    • Main Results:

    • The study argues for the rejection of the negativity bias principle.
    • Philosophical scrutiny reveals weaknesses in the 'bad is stronger than good' assertion.
    • Alternative hedonic hypotheses are presented.

    Conclusions:

    • The negativity bias, as commonly understood, should be rejected.
    • The findings open avenues for new research in affective and hedonic science.
    • Alternative hypotheses offer a more nuanced understanding of emotional processing.