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The Contractile Ring02:15

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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
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Ex Vivo Assessment of Contractility, Fatigability and Alternans in Isolated Skeletal Muscles
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Fabricating Muscle-Neuron Constructs with Improved Contractile Force Generation.

Md Arifuzzaman1, Akira Ito1, Kazushi Ikeda2

  • 11 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created innervated skeletal muscle tissue by combining C2C12 myoblasts and PC12 neural cells. These engineered tissues showed enhanced muscle and nerve development, forming functional neuromuscular junctions and producing greater contractile forces.

Keywords:
C2C12 cellPC12 cellmuscle–neuron constructneuromuscular junction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle tissue engineering aims to create functional muscle constructs.
  • Innervation is crucial for skeletal muscle function and regeneration.
  • Developing functional neuromuscular junctions in vitro remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate innervated skeletal muscle tissue constructs using C2C12 myoblasts and PC12 neural cells.
  • To investigate the effects of co-culture on neural and muscle cell differentiation and function.
  • To assess the contractile force of engineered innervated muscle tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of skeletal muscle tissue constructs using a magnetic force-based tissue engineering technique.
  • Co-culture of C2C12 myoblasts and PC12 neural cells.
  • Assessment of neural differentiation, sarcomere formation, neuromuscular junction formation, and contractile force.

Main Results:

  • Co-culture of C2C12 and PC12 cells enhanced neural differentiation and sarcomere formation.
  • Neuromuscular junctions were successfully formed within the engineered tissue constructs.
  • Innervated constructs exhibited significantly higher contractile forces compared to aneural constructs.

Conclusions:

  • Innervated skeletal muscle tissue constructs can be successfully fabricated using magnetic force-based tissue engineering.
  • These constructs demonstrate improved neural and muscle development and enhanced contractile function.
  • The engineered tissues serve as a valuable tool for drug testing and research on neuromuscular diseases.