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A Comparative Study on Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Essential Oil Extraction Using Traditional and Advanced Techniques
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|September 18, 2018
Summary
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) yielded higher quality hemp essential oils compared to traditional Steam Distillation (SD) and Hydrodistillation (HD). SCFE is a superior, green method for extracting Cannabis sativa constituents.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Green Chemistry
Background:
- Cannabis sativa, commonly known as hemp, possesses valuable essential oils with diverse chemical constituents.
- Traditional extraction methods like Steam Distillation (SD) and Hydrodistillation (HD) have limitations in efficiency and environmental impact.
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) offers a promising alternative for extracting plant-based compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comparatively analyze the essential constituents of Cannabis sativa (Hemp) extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE), Steam Distillation (SD), and Hydrodistillation (HD).
- To evaluate the yield, chemical composition, and quality of hemp essential oils obtained by different extraction techniques.
- To determine the optimal extraction parameters for each method.
Main Methods:
- Comparative study employing Hydrodistillation (HD) at 130°C, Steam Distillation (SD) at 110°C, and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) at 50°C.
- Analysis of extracted essential oils using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
- Quantification of identified components, including sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, and calculation of extraction yields.
Main Results:
- SCFE yielded a higher essential oil yield (0.039%) compared to HD (0.025%) and SD (0.035%).
- A total of 33, 30, and 31 components were identified in HD, SD, and SCFE extracts, respectively.
- SCFE demonstrated a superior chemical profile, with higher percentages of key compounds like caryophyllene (44.31%) and humulene (11.97%) compared to HD and SD.
Conclusions:
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) is a more efficient and effective method for obtaining high-quality hemp essential oils.
- SCFE surpasses traditional HD and SD in terms of yield, chemical composition, and overall quality.
- SCFE represents a modern, green, energy-saving, and rapid approach for Cannabis sativa essential oil extraction.
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