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Facilitated Transport

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...

Ion Channels

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...

Primary Active Transport

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Two-Channel Thermal Transport in Ordered-Disordered Superionic Ag

Biyao Wu^1,2, Yanguang Zhou³, Ming Hu⁴

¹Institute of Mineral Engineering, Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering , RWTH Aachen University , 52064 Aachen , Germany.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|September 18, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Superionic silver telluride (Ag2Te) exhibits unique two-channel heat transport. Liquid-like silver ion movement, not just lattice vibrations, dominates thermal conductivity, enhancing it with temperature.

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Fabrication of the Thermoplastic Microfluidic Channels

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Published on: February 3, 2008

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Thermoelectrics

Background:

Superionic silver telluride (Ag2Te) shows high thermoelectric performance due to low thermal conductivity.
Traditional phonon-based heat transport models fail to explain thermal properties in Ag2Te where ions flow like a liquid.
The physics governing heat transport in these ordered-disordered systems remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively characterize the two-channel heat transport in superionic Ag2Te.
To elucidate the underlying physics of thermal transport involving both lattice vibrations and mobile ions.
To investigate the role of nanotwin boundaries on heat carriers in Ag2Te.

Main Methods:

Utilized heat flux linear response theory to analyze heat transport.
Modeled systems with coexisting lattice vibrations and liquid-like ion transport.
Investigated the impact of nanotwin boundaries on thermal transport properties.

Main Results:

Convective thermal conductivity from mobile silver ions is the dominant heat transport mechanism.
Total thermal conductivity increases with temperature due to enhanced cation mobility.
Nanotwin boundaries unexpectedly enhance thermal transport by facilitating silver ion movement.

Conclusions:

Thermal transport in superionic Ag2Te is governed by a dual mechanism: lattice vibrations and convective ion flow.
The study clarifies the anomalous temperature dependence of thermal conductivity in Ag2Te.
Findings provide insights for designing advanced superionic conductors for thermoelectric and energy applications.