Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.6K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.6K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

512
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
512
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

992
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
992
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

618
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
618
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

1.2K
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Risk factors and prediction model for early pregnancy loss in polycystic ovary syndrome - development and validation: A retrospective and observational study.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Premature Ventricular Contractions as a Target for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Trials PVC in ARVC trials.

Heart rhythm·2026
Same author

Special issue of nonclinical statistics in regulatory applications guest editors' notes.

Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics·2026
Same author

Rosehip (<i>Rosa</i> spp.) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Therapeutic Applications.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Hydroxy-α-Sanshools From <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> Maxim. Alleviate Obesity in Mice via the Regulation of Appetite and Gut Microbiota.

Food science & nutrition·2026
Same author

Statistical approaches for shelf-life determination of a drug product.

Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters
07:29

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Published on: November 22, 2019

8.6K

Lessons Learned From Hundreds of Thorough QT Studies.

Joanne Zhang1, Huifang Chen1, Yi Tsong1

  • 11 Division of Biometrics VI, Office of Biostatistics, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science
|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing the QTc-drug concentration relationship slope helps predict QT study outcomes. A positive slope strongly suggests positive QT study results, potentially avoiding unnecessary thorough QT (TQT) studies.

Keywords:
QTccoherencedrug plasma concentrationrelationshipsensitivityspecificity

More Related Videos

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

14.2K
Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program
08:59

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Published on: February 25, 2015

28.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters
07:29

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Published on: November 22, 2019

8.6K
From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

14.2K
Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program
08:59

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Published on: February 25, 2015

28.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Investigating the relationship between QTc interval and drug plasma concentration.
  • Evaluating this relationship against International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) E14 findings using extensive QT study data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the predictive value of the QTc-drug concentration relationship slope for QT study outcomes.
  • To inform decisions on the necessity of thorough QT (TQT) studies during drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the slope representing the QTc-drug plasma concentration relationship.
  • Correlation of slope findings with existing QT study reports and ICH E14 guidelines.
  • Assessment of confidence intervals for QTc at fixed drug concentrations (e.g., Cmax).

Main Results:

  • A non-positive slope correctly predicted negative QT studies in 86% of cases.
  • A positive slope correctly predicted positive QT studies in 92% of cases.
  • Confidence intervals at fixed concentrations can help stratify risk.

Conclusions:

  • Relationship analysis between QTc and drug concentration, using single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) data, can guide TQT study decisions.
  • If the relationship is undetectable and confidence intervals are below 10 ms, a TQT study may be avoidable.
  • Established relationships with confidence intervals above 10 ms warrant further investigation, potentially including intensive safety monitoring or a TQT study.