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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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EIciRNA-mediated gene expression: tunability and bimodality.

Qi Hu1, Tianshou Zhou1

  • 1Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

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|September 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (EIciRNAs) regulate gene expression by influencing pre-mRNA synthesis. A critical pathway strength optimizes mRNA levels and noise, impacting gene expression variability.

Keywords:
EIciRNAgene modelmaster equationnoiseregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Biological experiments confirm EIciRNAs, a class of circRNA from pre-mRNA, regulate gene expression.
  • The precise regulatory mechanisms and effects of EIciRNAs remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic gene model based on experimental data to explore EIciRNA regulatory effects.
  • To investigate how EIciRNAs influence mRNA synthesis, expression levels, and cell-to-cell variability.

Main Methods:

  • Refinement of a mechanistic gene model incorporating probabilistic pre-mRNA synthesis.
  • Mathematical modeling to analyze the relationship between pathway strength, EIciRNA production, and mRNA expression dynamics.
  • Simulation of unimodal and bimodal mRNA expression patterns and transitions.

Main Results:

  • A critical pathway strength was identified, maximizing mRNA mean and minimizing mRNA noise.
  • EIciRNAs were shown to induce both unimodal and bimodal mRNA expression patterns.
  • The model demonstrates EIciRNA's capability to mediate transitions between expression states.

Conclusions:

  • EIciRNAs play a significant role in modulating gene expression levels and noise.
  • EIciRNA regulation is a key factor contributing to cell-to-cell variability in gene expression.
  • The study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding EIciRNA function in gene regulation.