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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
Published on: January 24, 2018
3D Printed Total Talar Replacement: A Promising Treatment Option for Advanced Arthritis, Avascular Osteonecrosis, and
Helen Shnol1, Guido A LaPorta1
1Department of Graduate Medical Education and Podiatric Surgery, Our Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital, 169 Riverside Drive, Binghamton, NY 13905, USA.
Abstract:
Advanced ankle arthritis, avascular osteonecrosis, and osteomyelitis of the ankle remain a surgical challenge in the foot and ankle arena with limited treatment options. Multiple medical comorbidities contribute to total loss of the talus. Collapse of the talar body as a complication of total ankle arthroplasty, talectomy in infection, and septic talus necrosis or severe bone defects caused by tumor resection may result in need for total talar replacement. Ankle arthrodesis and tibiocalcaneal fusion after talectomy can produce severe disability of the ankle and foot. Total ankle replacement is a viable option for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis in appropriate patient populations.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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