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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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DNA Microarrays02:34

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy
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Fluorescence Interference Contrast-enabled structures improve the microarrays performance.

S Dobroiu1, F C M J M van Delft2, J Aveyard-Hanson3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GJ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|September 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel micro-/nano-structured substrates that enhance fluorescence-based assays for high-throughput screening and diagnostics. These structures improve signal quantification and uniformity in DNA and protein arrays.

Keywords:
Fluorescence Interference ContrastMicroarraySignal/noise

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomolecular Assays

Background:

  • Fluorescence-based assays require high sensitivity and specificity for applications like high-throughput screening and diagnostics.
  • Fluorescence Interference Contrast (FLIC) offers nanometer-precision for biomolecular interactions but is underutilized in microdevices.
  • Signal amplification strategies for fluorescence, particularly combining vertical and lateral confinement, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test novel micro-/nano-structured substrates for enhanced fluorescence-based assays.
  • To explore the synergistic amplification of fluorescence signals through physical confinement.
  • To improve the accuracy and uniformity of fluorescence quantification in microarrays.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of silicon oxide micro-/nano-structures (micro-pillars and -wells) on reflective surfaces.
  • Utilizing standing wave formation for vertical light confinement.
  • Lithographic patterning for lateral confinement of fluorophore signals.
  • Testing structures for DNA and protein arrays.

Main Results:

  • The micro-/nano-structured substrates physically confine emitted light, enabling accurate fluorescence identification and quantification.
  • Signal/noise ratios on structured substrates are comparable to planar substrates.
  • A significant increase in intra-feature uniformity was observed due to physical confinement of microarray spots.

Conclusions:

  • The developed micro-/nano-structured substrates offer a promising approach to enhance fluorescence-based assays.
  • Synergistic vertical and lateral confinement improves fluorescence signal quantification and uniformity.
  • These structures have potential for advanced high-throughput screening, diagnostics, and molecular biology studies.