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Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour.

Leah A Lewis1, John Calambokidis2, Alison K Stimpert3

  • 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|September 19, 2018
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Summary

Male blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the Northeast Pacific sing more than females, primarily during shallow dives in autumn. Sound production varied by time of day, with calls common at dawn and dusk.

Keywords:
Balaenoptera musculusacoustic communicationbehavioural contextblue whalesong

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Acoustic communication is vital for marine species' behaviors.
  • Blue whales produce distinct A, B, and D calls, sometimes in songs.
  • Understanding call context is crucial for marine mammal research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the behavioral context of blue whale call production.
  • To correlate acoustic data with dive profiles.
  • To investigate differences in sound production between sexes and seasons.

Main Methods:

  • Deployed acoustic and dive tags on Northeast Pacific blue whales.
  • Analyzed data using generalized estimating equations.
  • Correlated sound production with depth, dive type, season, and time of day.

Main Results:

  • Only 22% of tags recorded tagged whale sounds; males (50%) vocalized more than females (5%).
  • Most calls occurred at shallow depths (<30m) during non-lunging dives or surface behavior.
  • Singing and singular calls were most frequent in autumn, varying with time of day.

Conclusions:

  • Blue whale acoustic behavior is context-dependent, varying by sex, depth, and season.
  • Males appear to be the primary vocalizers, especially during specific behavioral states.
  • Further research can refine understanding of blue whale communication and social structures.