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Experimentally induced social threat increases paranoid thinking.

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Social status and group affiliation impact paranoid thinking. Low social rank or out-group interactions increase attributions of harmful intent, suggesting paranoia involves a lower threat detection threshold.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Paranoia, a common symptom of psychosis, involves altered social cognition and intention attribution.
  • Epidemiological models link psychosis risk to low social rank and minority status, but causal links to paranoid thinking are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effects of relative social status and perceived group affiliation on paranoid thinking.
  • To differentiate between a general increase in paranoia and heightened reactivity to specific social threats.

Main Methods:

  • Two large-N (N=2030), pre-registered online experiments were conducted.
  • Participants interacted with individuals of differing social ranks and political affiliations.
  • Attributions of harmful intent for ambiguous actions were measured.

Main Results:

  • Interacting with higher social rank or political out-group members increased paranoid attributions of harmful intent.
  • Pre-existing paranoia correlated with higher harmful intent attribution but did not interact with social threat type.
  • Paranoid individuals showed similar increases in threat attribution as non-paranoid individuals, but from a higher baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Social threats, including low social status and out-group status, significantly influence paranoid attributions.
  • Ongoing paranoia appears to stem from a lowered threshold for detecting social threat rather than impaired reactivity to it.