Related Experiment Video For Adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2)
Updated: Feb 5, 2026
A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Intracellular Ca2+ Measurement with Fura-2-Analog in Live Cells
Published on: September 20, 2019
Adenine Nucleotide Translocase 2 as an Enzyme Related to [
Chul-Hee Lee1,2,3,4, Mi Jeong Kim1,3,4, Hwan Hee Lee1
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Purpose:
Although glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) are known as major proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms for accumulating 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) in cancer cells, sometimes, [18F] FDG accumulation cannot be explained by the expression of these two proteins. We investigated the involvement of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), which catalyzes ADP/ATP exchange at the mitochondrial inner membrane, in [18F] FDG accumulation.
Procedures:
ANT2 expression was evaluated in various cancer cell lines and human cancer tissues (microarrays) using western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, respectively. The expression levels of ANT2 were compared to [18F] FDG accumulation and pathologic findings, including differentiation grade. Additionally, we modulated ANT2 expression levels using ANT2 siRNA and an ANT2 expression vector in cancer cells and murine xenografted tumors.
Results:
[18F] FDG accumulation correlated with ANT2 expression in various cancer cell lines; this was not explained by GLUT1 and/or HK2 expression. At both the cell and tissue levels, ANT2 expression was high in less-differentiated or more malignant type of cancers. [18F] FDG accumulation changed according to the modulation of the ANT2 expression level.
Conclusion:
In various cancer cells and tissues, the expression levels of ANT2 explained [18F] FDG accumulation better than those of GLUT1 and HK2. ANT2 can be used as a marker of dedifferentiated pathology and aggressiveness of cancer.
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