Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Drug-Induced Sleep Computed Tomography-Directed Upper Airway Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study
Li-Ang Lee1,2, Chao-Jan Wang2,3, Yu-Lun Lo2,4
11 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Objective:
A surgical response to upper airway (UA) surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) depends on adequate correction of collapsible sites in the UA. This pilot study aimed to examine the surgical response to UA surgery directed by drug-induced sleep computed tomography (DI-SCT) for OSA.
Study Design:
Prospective case series.
Setting:
Tertiary referral center.
Subjects And Methods:
This study recruited 29 OSA patients (median age, 41 years; median body mass index, 26.9 kg/m2) who underwent single-stage DI-SCT-directed UA surgery between October 2012 and September 2014. DI-SCT was performed with propofol for light sedation with a bispectral monitor before and after UA surgery. Nonresponders were defined as those with a reduction in apnea-hypopnea index <50% after 6 months following UA surgery.
Results:
DI-SCT showed that 28 (97%) patients had collapses at multiple sites, all of whom underwent multilevel UA surgery accordingly. The apnea-hypopnea index decreased from 53.6 to 26.8 ( P < .001). There were 18 (62%) nonresponders and 11 (38%) responders. Multiple-site collapses could not predict surgical response ( P > .99). The nonresponders had significant improvements in velopharyngeal, oropharyngeal lateral wall, and tongue collapses (all P < .05), whereas the responders had significant improvements in velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal lateral wall collapses (both P ≤ .05).
Conclusion:
Despite multilevel OSA surgery, residual UA obstruction in nonresponders likely occurs due to multiple mechanisms. DI-SCT may help to elucidate the reasons for a nonresponse.
Related Concept Videos
Sleep Apnea
The condition is more prevalent among...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Stages of Sleep
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Understanding Sleep
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...

