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Seroepidemiology of

Thomas A Weppelmann1,2, Michael H Norris3,1, Michael E von Fricken4

  • 1Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|September 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in Haiti. A seroepidemiological study found 11.5% seroprevalence, indicating widespread exposure in the Haitian population.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is suspected to be endemic in the Caribbean, including Haiti.
  • Challenges in diagnosing melioidosis include varied symptoms, asymptomatic infections, and limited diagnostic capabilities in Haiti.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seroprevalence of melioidosis in the Haitian population.
  • To provide serological evidence of Burkholderia pseudomallei endemicity in Haiti.

Main Methods:

  • A seroepidemiological study was conducted on 756 asymptomatic individuals in Haiti.
  • A novel indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was developed and validated.
  • Serum samples were screened for polyvalent (IgM/IgG/IgA) and monoclonal (IgG or IgM) antibodies against B. pseudomallei LPS.

Main Results:

  • The overall population seroprevalence for polyvalent immunoglobulins was 11.5% (95% CI: 9.2, 13.8), with 9.8% for IgG and 1.7% for IgM.
  • Seroprevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0.001), with an estimated annual seroconversion rate of 1.05% (95% CI: 0.81, 1.3).
  • No significant difference in seroprevalence was observed based on gender (P = 0.16).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides serological evidence that melioidosis is endemic in Haiti.
  • The detection of both recent (IgM+) and previous (IgG+) exposure confirms ongoing transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei.
  • Age-dependent seroconversion suggests continuous environmental exposure and acquisition of melioidosis in Haiti.