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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Working memory for self-initiated and provided spatial configurations.

Hagit Magen1, Tatiana Aloi Emmanouil2

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People actively choose information to remember, a process called self-initiated working memory (WM). This study shows self-initiated WM enhances memory accuracy beyond just structuring information.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) typically involves memorizing provided information.
  • Self-initiated WM, where individuals choose what to remember, is common but understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the largely unexplored domain of self-initiated working memory (WM).
  • To investigate how individuals construct and memorize self-initiated spatial sequences.
  • To determine if self-initiation benefits memory beyond sequence structure.

Main Methods:

  • A modified spatial span task was used, allowing participants to construct their own spatial sequences.
  • Three experiments were conducted to analyze sequence construction and memory accuracy.
  • Participants also constructed sequences for a hypothetical competitor.

Main Results:

  • Participants naturally structured self-initiated sequences by minimizing distances and path crossings.
  • Memory accuracy improved with self-initiated spatial sequences, even when matched for structure.
  • When constructing sequences for a competitor, participants created more complex sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Self-initiated WM benefits from metacognitive knowledge of optimal memory representation structure.
  • Self-initiation enhances memory performance independently of structural improvements.
  • Individuals strategically control sequence parameters in self-initiated WM.