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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

Foggy windows: Pupillary responses during task preparation.

Alexandra Trani¹, Paul Verhaeghen¹

¹School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|September 19, 2018

Summary

Pupil dilation does not signal advance attentional preparation for tasks. Instead, attentional resources appear to mobilize only when the task begins, not during the preparatory interval.

Keywords:

Pupillometry difficulty cue task preparation

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Human Attention

Background:

Pupil dilation is often linked to cognitive effort and attentional processes.
Previous research, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, suggested task preparation involves early attentional resource mobilization.
The role of pupil dilation during the preparatory phase of tasks remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether pupil dilation reflects the advance mobilization of attentional resources during task preparation.
To examine pupil dilation patterns during both task preparation and post-trial intervals in visual search and auditory working memory tasks.
To determine if pupil dilation during preparation predicts subsequent task performance.

Main Methods:

Pupil dilation was measured in 96 participants during preparation and post-trial intervals.
Participants completed a visual search task and an auditory working memory task.
Informative difficulty cues (easy, medium, hard) were presented before task preparation.

Main Results:

Pupil size did not differ across difficulty cues in the working memory task.
While pupil dilation in the visual search task responded to cues, it did not predict performance in either task.
Post-trial pupil dilation patterns were more indicative of emotional reactivity than attentional preparation.

Conclusions:

There is limited evidence for attentional resource mobilization during the preparatory interval before task initiation.
Pupil dilation does not appear to signal advance preparation of attentional resources.
Attentional resource mobilization seems to be delayed until the task itself commences.