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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Consider the gas molecules in a cylinder. They move in a random motion as they collide with each other and change speed and direction. The average of all the path lengths between collisions is known as the "mean free path."
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The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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Breaking up sitting time after stroke (BUST-stroke).

Coralie English1,2, Heidi Janssen1,2,3, Gary Crowfoot1,2

  • 11 School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|September 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breaking up sitting with short activity breaks did not improve blood glucose or insulin levels in stroke survivors. Further research is needed to find effective strategies for managing glucose metabolism after stroke.

Keywords:
Sedentary behaviorphysical activityrehabilitationsecondary prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Prolonged sitting in individuals post-stroke can negatively impact glucose control and increase the risk of recurrent stroke.
  • Previous research in other populations suggests that regular activity breaks can positively influence glucose metabolism.
  • This study investigates the potential benefits of frequent, short physical activity interruptions to prolonged sitting in stroke survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effect of frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels in people with stroke.
  • To compare the effects of standing breaks versus walking breaks versus uninterrupted sitting on glucose metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized within-participant crossover trial involving 19 participants (3 months to 10 years post-stroke).
  • Participants completed three conditions: 8 hours of uninterrupted sitting, sitting with 3-minute standing activity every 30 minutes, or sitting with 3-minute walking every 30 minutes.
  • Standardized meals were provided, and blood samples were collected regularly to measure plasma glucose and insulin.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in post-prandial glucose levels (positive incremental area under the curve) across the sitting, standing, or walking conditions.
  • Similarly, post-prandial insulin levels (positive incremental area under the curve) did not significantly differ between the experimental conditions.
  • The study included participants with mild stroke symptoms, ambulant with minimal assistance, and not on diabetic medication other than metformin.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity (standing or walking) did not significantly impact post-prandial glucose or insulin in this sample of stroke survivors.
  • Current strategies of breaking up sitting time with brief activity may not be sufficient to improve glucose metabolism in this population.
  • Further research is required to identify effective interventions for improving inactivity-related glucose metabolism post-stroke.