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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Overview
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
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Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
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How Do We Approach Anti-Vaccination Attitudes?

Christopher A Swingle1

  • 1Christopher A. Swingle, DO, MSMA member since 2008, is an attending physician with West County Radiology at Mercy Hospital St. Louis, specializing in nuclear medicine. He is 2018 president of the St. Louis Metropolitan Medical Society.

Missouri Medicine
|September 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Vaccination benefits significantly outweigh risks, making diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, and diphtheria preventable. Despite proven efficacy, these infectious diseases remain a public health concern.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Universal acceptance of public health interventions like seat belts and anti-smoking campaigns.
  • Historical successes of vaccination, including smallpox eradication and polio elimination in the US.
  • The established principle that vaccination benefits demonstrably exceed risks.

Discussion:

  • Despite overwhelming evidence of vaccine efficacy, resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases is a concern.
  • Physicians and public health officials universally acknowledge the benefits of vaccination.
  • The narrative questions why diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, and diphtheria are not entirely eradicated.

Key Insights:

  • Vaccines are a cornerstone of modern public health, preventing numerous infectious diseases.
  • Historical vaccination campaigns have led to the eradication or near-eradication of devastating illnesses.
  • The continued presence of vaccine-preventable diseases highlights ongoing challenges in public health and vaccine uptake.

Outlook:

  • Continued emphasis on vaccination programs is crucial for global health security.
  • Addressing factors contributing to the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases is essential.
  • Further research and public health initiatives are needed to ensure sustained high vaccination rates.