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Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Published on: November 19, 2019

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Ashley A Vareedayah¹, Samer Alkaade², Jason R Taylor³

¹Ashley A. Vareedayah, MD, is a Fellow in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.

Missouri Medicine

|September 20, 2018

Summary

Pancreatic cancer, a gastrointestinal malignancy, presents diagnostic challenges due to asymptomatic early stages and high screening costs. Effective screening and early detection remain critical for improving patient outcomes and treatment strategies.

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Immunohistochemical Staining of B7-H1 PD-L1 on Paraffin-embedded Slides of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tissue

Immunohistochemical Staining of B7-H1 PD-L1 on Paraffin-embedded Slides of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tissue

Published on: January 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Oncology
Cancer Research

Background:

Pancreatic cancer is a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy with a typically poor prognosis.
Early-stage pancreatic cancer often presents asymptomatically, leading to delayed diagnosis.
Current screening methods like endoscopic ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging are costly and have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the challenges in effective screening for pancreatic cancer.
To discuss the implications of delayed diagnosis in pancreatic cancer.
To outline the available treatment options for pancreatic cancer.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on pancreatic cancer screening and diagnosis.
Analysis of challenges associated with low disease prevalence and high-cost screening modalities.
Summary of diagnostic delays due to asymptomatic presentation.

Main Results:

Effective screening for pancreatic cancer is hindered by low prevalence and expensive modalities.
Asymptomatic nature of early disease significantly delays diagnosis.
Treatment landscape includes surgery, chemotherapy, and palliative care.

Conclusions:

Improving pancreatic cancer outcomes requires addressing screening challenges and facilitating early detection.
Further research into cost-effective and sensitive screening methods is warranted.
Timely diagnosis is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment interventions.