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Reduced Graphene Oxide Chemically Modified with Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymer for Solid-State Optical Limiter.

Zhiwei Liu1, Ningning Dong2,3, Peng Jiang1

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Newly developed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials covalently grafted onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) overcome solid-state limitations for nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. The resulting PFTP-RGO/PMMA films show excellent optical limiting (OL) performance.

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fluorescencelaser protectionnonlinear opticsoptical limiterspolymersreduced graphene oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials typically exhibit poor nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in solid states due to aggregation-caused quenching.
  • Constructing solid-state NLO devices with AIE materials is challenging because aggregation shortens excited-state lifetimes and introduces relaxation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel AIE material suitable for solid-state NLO applications.
  • To enhance the nonlinear optical absorption and performance of AIE materials by integrating them with reduced graphene oxide (RGO).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a new AIE material, poly{[9,9-bis(6-azidohexyl)-9H-fluorene]-alt-(1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethene)} (PAHFTP).
  • Covalently grafted PAHFTP onto RGO to form a soluble derivative, PFTP-RGO, via electron transfer and radical-ion pair formation.
  • Embedded PFTP-RGO into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to create PFTP-RGO/PMMA films for optical limiting (OL) evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Grafting PAHFTP onto RGO resulted in a 91.89% fluorescence quenching, forming PFTP.+ -RGO.- radical-ion pairs.
  • PAHFTP/PMMA films showed no NLO response, while PFTP-RGO/PMMA and RGO/PMMA films exhibited some response.
  • Annealed PFTP-RGO/PMMA films demonstrated superior OL performance with low thresholds (0.24 GW/cm² at 532 nm, 0.18 GW/cm² at 1064 nm) and high damage thresholds (33.88 J/cm² at 532 nm, 37.32 J/cm² at 1064 nm).

Conclusions:

  • Covalent grafting of AIE materials onto RGO effectively suppresses aggregation-caused quenching and enhances NLO properties.
  • The developed PFTP-RGO/PMMA composite material is a promising candidate for advanced solid-state optical limiting applications.
  • Annealing is crucial for optimizing the performance of PFTP-RGO/PMMA films for superior optical limiting capabilities.