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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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Uniform circular motion is motion in a circle at a constant speed. Although this is the simplest case of rotational motion, it is very useful for many situations and is used to introduce rotational variables. When a particle is moving in a circle, the coordinate system is fixed and serves as a frame of reference to define the particle’s position. Its position vector from the origin of the circle to the particle sweeps out the angle θ, which increases in the counterclockwise direction...
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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
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Characterizing Structural Changes With Devolving Remyelination Following Experimental Demyelination Using High

Tim Luo1, Olayinka Oladosu2, Khalil S Rawji2

  • 1Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|September 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced MRI techniques show promise in tracking myelin repair after injury. Diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density index metrics may offer sensitive measures of remyelination, aiding neurological disease research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Myelin integrity is crucial in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis.
  • Noninvasive measurement of myelin injury and repair presents a significant challenge.
  • Advanced MRI techniques offer potential for quantifying white matter abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate advanced MRI methods for understanding remyelination post-demyelination.
  • To assess the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density index (NODDI), and texture analysis in a mouse model.
  • To correlate imaging findings with histological assessments of myelin repair.

Main Methods:

  • Demyelination induced using lysolecithin in a mouse thoracic spinal cord model.
  • Longitudinal MRI acquisition at 9.4T, including DTI and texture analysis, at 7, 14, and 35 days post-injury.
  • Histological analysis quantifying tissue alignment (angular entropy) and lesion area.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion and texture parameters were altered in lesions compared to controls.
  • Orientation dispersion index (ODI) and neurite density index (NDI) showed persistent longitudinal changes in lesion and peri-lesion areas.
  • Lesion size and angular entropy decreased over time, indicating repair.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion and MRI texture metrics may provide complementary insights into myelin repair processes.
  • ODI and NDI show potential as sensitive indicators of ongoing remyelination.
  • Further validation of these advanced MRI techniques is warranted for clinical application.