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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Catalytic Enantioselective Flow Processes with Solid-Supported Chiral Catalysts.

Carles Rodríguez-Escrich1, Miquel A Pericàs1,2

  • 1Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|September 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chiral catalysts immobilized on solid supports enable green, enantioselective synthesis in flow processes. This approach reduces waste and allows catalyst reuse for efficient chiral compound production.

Keywords:
asymmetric catalysisflow chemistryimmobilized catalystsorganocatalysissolid-supported catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Green chemistry and catalysis
  • Asymmetric synthesis
  • Sustainable chemical manufacturing

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable chemical processes drives innovation in catalysis.
  • Chiral catalysts are essential for producing enantiomerically enriched compounds.
  • Immobilizing catalysts on solid supports enhances sustainability by reducing waste and enabling catalyst recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the development and application of immobilized chiral catalysts in flow processes.
  • To showcase highly enantioselective, single-pass flow reactions using supported catalysts.
  • To highlight the versatility of immobilized catalysts for producing chiral compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of various chiral catalysts, including proline derivatives, aminocatalysts, squaramides, thioureas, phosphoric acids, and metal-based catalysts.
  • Implementation of these immobilized catalysts in continuous flow reactor systems.
  • Optimization of reaction conditions for single-pass, highly enantioselective transformations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of successful immobilization of a diverse range of chiral catalysts.
  • Achieved high enantioselectivity in flow processes using the supported catalysts.
  • Showcased the flexibility of the flow system for producing varying amounts of chiral products.

Conclusions:

  • Immobilized chiral catalysts are effective for sustainable and enantioselective synthesis.
  • Flow chemistry offers a flexible and efficient platform for green chiral compound production.
  • The developed toolkit of supported catalysts provides a robust strategy for asymmetric catalysis.