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Marjorie R Willner1, Kay S McMillan2, Duncan Graham3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.

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Summary
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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) droplet microfluidics enables single-cell analysis. This novel method rapidly identifies glycan expression on prostate cancer cells, revealing significant cell-to-cell variability.

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Area of Science:

  • Optofluidics
  • Biotechnology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Droplet microfluidics offers a powerful platform for cellular analysis.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides sensitive molecular detection.
  • Integrating SERS with microfluidics can enhance cellular system understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first application of SERS droplet microfluidics for single-cell analysis.
  • To demonstrate SERS at cellular resolution for detecting glycan expression on prostate cancer cells.
  • To investigate cell-to-cell variability in glycan island expression.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of single prostate cancer cells and WGA-functionalized SERS nanoprobes in water-in-oil droplets.
  • Utilizing a microfluidic device to create stationary droplet arrays for spectroscopic investigation.
  • Employing rapid coarse mapping followed by detailed interrogation of SERS regions of interest.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of SERS at cellular resolution for glycan detection on prostate cancer cells.
  • Identification of significant cell-to-cell variability in the size and number of glycan islands.
  • Proof-of-concept assay utilizing WGA-modified metallic nanoparticles for glycan expression analysis.

Conclusions:

  • SERS droplet microfluidics is a viable approach for high-throughput single-cell screening.
  • The technique reveals previously unobserved heterogeneity in glycan expression on cancer cell surfaces.
  • This platform holds potential for advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and disease mechanisms.