Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026
07:05
Clear Resin Casting of Arthropods for Use in Education, Outreach, and Research
Published on: January 16, 2026
583
Is immunisation education in midwifery degrees adequate?
Katie Attwell1,2, Asha Yusuf3, Jane Frawley4
1a School of Social Sciences , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|September 20, 2018
Summary
Midwifery students receive minimal education on maternal vaccination, with teaching comprising less than four hours. Future efforts to train midwives as vaccine advocates must respect their professional norms and values.
Area of Science:
- Maternal Health
- Vaccinology
- Midwifery Education
Background:
- Maternal vaccination decisions are crucial during pregnancy, with midwives serving as key information sources.
- The role of midwives in maternal immunisation is expanding due to new vaccines and policy changes.
- Current parent-oriented vaccine acceptance strategies may conflict with midwifery principles of autonomy and information provision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the current state of immunisation education for midwifery students in Australian universities.
- To analyze teaching materials for messaging on vaccine importance and midwife advocacy.
- To understand how midwifery education can foster future vaccine advocates.
Main Methods:
- Pilot study involving Australian universities.
- Ascertaining curriculum content, dedicated teaching time, assessment methods, and instructors for immunisation education.
- Analysis of teaching materials for vaccine advocacy messaging.
Main Results:
- Immunisation education constitutes less than four hours within midwifery degree programs.
- A prevailing norm exists where midwives inform about, rather than actively recommend, vaccinations.
- Teaching materials often reflect a passive approach to vaccine information.
Conclusions:
- Midwifery university education presents a critical opportunity to develop future vaccine advocates.
- Overcoming challenges requires respecting midwifery ideology and professional practice, focusing on informed advocacy.
- Future training must align with midwives' values to effectively promote maternal and childhood immunisation.
Related Concept Videos
01:24One-Degree-of-Freedom System
853
In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
853
01:02Degrees of Freedom
7.2K
The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. Thus, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily assigned.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily assigned.
7.2K
01:02Degrees of Freedom
10.3K
The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. As a result, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily...
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily...
10.3K
02:05Degree of Unsaturation
10.6K
The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
The degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons is U = (2C + 2 − H) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms and H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
10.6K
01:29Radian and Degree Measure
691
Angular motion is measured using two primary units: degrees and radians. These units describe the extent of rotation around a fixed point. A complete rotation corresponds to 360 degrees or 2π radians, depending on the unit used. Although both represent the same angular displacement, they differ in origin and application.Degrees divide a circle into 360 equal segments. Due to its intuitive structure, this unit is historically rooted and widely used in general applications such as...
691
01:19Degree of Curvature and Radius of Curvature
488
The degree of curvature and the radius of curvature are fundamental concepts in determining the sharpness or smoothness of a curve. The degree of curvature is a measure of how steeply a curve bends and can be determined using the chord basis or the arc basis. In the chord basis method, the degree of curvature is defined as the central angle subtended by a chord of 30.48 meters, helping in the calculation of the radius of the curve. The arc basis method defines the degree of...
488