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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance01:24

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Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
Sleep is a fundamental physiological drive that fosters a state of restfulness crucial for several bodily functions. It facilitates body restoration, the process by which the body repairs, rejuvenates, and maintains itself during sleep, including memory...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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[Treatment-Refractory Pain].

Jens Keßler, Marcus Geist, Hubert Bardenheuer

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |September 20, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Effective pain management requires a biopsychosocial approach, integrating detailed patient history and physical exams. Addressing therapy-refractory pain may involve individualized drug adjustments and non-pharmacological interventions for better patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pain Medicine
    • Biopsychosocial Model in Healthcare

    Background:

    • Optimal pain therapy necessitates a comprehensive biopsychosocial model.
    • Detailed medical history, including pain intensity and quality, is crucial for selecting appropriate drug treatments.

    Observation:

    • Targeted physical examination is essential and should be repeated for therapy-refractory pain.
    • Individual metabolism can influence treatment-refractory pain despite adequate pharmacological therapy.

    Findings:

    • Opioid rotation is an effective symptom control for tumor-related pain.
    • Adjusting basic medication dosage can prevent refractory pain peaks.
    • Non-drug treatments empower patients and enhance ownership of their pain management.

    Implications:

    • Physiotherapeutic measures aim to improve pain self-efficacy and restore confidence in bodily functions.
    • The integration of pain medicine into licensing regulations standardizes knowledge transfer.
    • Personalized treatment strategies are key for managing complex and persistent pain conditions.