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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
Published on: September 13, 2018
Multidisciplinary Management of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Jeanny B Aragon-Ching1, Ryan P Werntz1, Anthony L Zietman1
1From the Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA; Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Abstract:
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary collaboration among surgery, radiation, and medical oncology. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and lymph node dissection has been considered the standard treatment for MIBC, many patients are unfit for surgery or cisplatin-ineligible, and considerations for bladder-preservation strategies not only are increasingly recognized as optimal treatment alternatives, but also should feature in the range of management options presented to patients at the time of diagnosis. Apart from chemotherapy, immunotherapy has also been used with success in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer and is moving into the MIBC space. Prospective studies addressing trends in management that span systemic, surgical, and radiation options for patients are discussed in this article.
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