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What Will We Expect From Novel Therapies to Esophageal and Gastric Malignancies?

Ramon Andrade De Mello1, Luis Castelo-Branco1, Pedro Castelo-Branco1

  • 1From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL.

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting
|September 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Novel targeted therapies are emerging for esophageal and gastric cancers. Research highlights PIK3CA mutations and PARP-1 expression as potential targets, alongside immunotherapy for specific patient groups.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Esophageal and gastric cancers are aggressive malignancies with evolving treatment landscapes.
  • Several molecular pathways, including VEGF, EGFR, FGFR, PIK3CA, and PARP-1, are implicated in these cancers.
  • Emerging research suggests potential for novel targeted drugs and immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends and future potential of novel therapies for esophageal and gastric cancers.
  • To explore the significance of specific molecular pathways (PIK3CA, PARP-1) and biomarkers (PD-L1, MSI, dMMR) in gastric cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the implications of these findings for systemic treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) report findings.
  • Analysis of molecular pathway alterations in esophageal and gastric cancers.
  • Discussion of biomarker expression (PD-L1, MSI, dMMR) and their therapeutic relevance.

Main Results:

  • PIK3CA mutations are prevalent in Epstein-Barr virus-positive and microsatellite instability-high gastric tumors.
  • Elevated PARP-1 expression in gastric cancer correlates with advanced disease and poorer prognosis.
  • PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and mismatch repair deficiency indicate potential for immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • PIK3CA pathway warrants reevaluation as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
  • PARP-1 expression levels may serve as a prognostic indicator in gastric cancer.
  • Immunotherapy holds promise for a subset of gastric cancer patients with specific biomarkers.

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