Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

6.4K
While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
6.4K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.0K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.0K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

424
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
424
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.7K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
10.7K
Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

13.5K
Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
13.5K
Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

15.3K
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
15.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Advancing Theranostics in Alzheimer Disease: FDA Approval of Amyloid-β PET Drugs for Selection of Patients for Amyloid-β-Directed Therapies and Other Labeling Updates.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2026
Same author

Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome: Mechanisms, Models, Markers, and Medical Countermeasures.

Radiation research·2024
Same author

Quantitative Brain Amyloid PET.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·2024
Same author

The impact of misclassification errors on the performance of biomarkers based on next-generation sequencing, a simulation study.

Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics·2023
Same author

US FDA public meeting: identification of concepts and terminology for multicomponent biomarkers.

Biomarkers in medicine·2023
Same author

Bayesian Sample Size Planning Tool for Phase I Dose-Finding Trials.

JCO precision oncology·2022
Same journal

Implementing Project Optimus in Oncology Dosage Optimization: Where are We Now?

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same journal

Validation of the Ontario Protocol Assessment Level (OPAL) Tool for Assessing Clinical Trial Complexity and Supporting Workforce Planning in the Italian Clinical Research Context.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same journal

The Effect of Covariate Adjustment for Cox Regression in Cardiovascular Outcome Trials.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same journal

Current Status and Construction Requirements of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Sichuan Province in China.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same journal

The CARE Program: An Initiative of Patient-Focused Drug Development for Rare Diseases by NMPA.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same journal

Utilization of Clinical Evaluation Reports in Japan's Medical Device Approvals: Insights from Review Data on Approved Devices.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.9K

A Conditional Adaptive Weighted Test Method for Confirmatory Trials.

Sue-Jane Wang1, H M James Hung2

  • 11 Office of Biostatistics, OTS/CDER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a conditional adaptive weighted test method for clinical trials. This approach enhances statistical power and trial success probability, even with adaptive information adjustments.

Keywords:
adaptive statistical information designconsistency of treatment effectsdown weighting at individual levelefficiency lossfirewalls for trial logistics

More Related Videos

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.4K
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.9K
Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.4K
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
09:09

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Adaptive trial designs require robust statistical methods for information adaptation.
  • Confirmatory trials need rigorous planning to manage uncertainty and ensure statistical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a statistically valid adaptive method for clinical trial design.
  • To improve the power performance and success probability of confirmatory trials.

Main Methods:

  • A conditional adaptive weighted test method is considered.
  • The method addresses concerns of down-weighting in stage 2 and efficiency loss.
  • Criteria for statistical information adaptation are scientifically sound.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method shows little concern for down-weighting or efficiency loss.
  • It potentially improves power performance in adaptive trial designs.
  • It fosters transparent trial logistics necessary for adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The conditional adaptive weighted test method increases the probability of success for confirmatory trials.
  • This approach is beneficial for trials that might otherwise miss statistical significance.
  • It supports rigorous planning while allowing for data-based adaptation.