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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
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Gone with the Antibody.

Silvia Guglietta1, Maria Rescigno2

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Microbiota metabolites rapidly distribute throughout the body. Antibodies control this distribution by speeding up bacterial transit in the small intestine, reducing metabolite spread and immune reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Bacterial metabolites can influence distant organs.
  • The systemic distribution of these metabolites is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systemic distribution of microbiota metabolites.
  • To identify mechanisms controlling metabolite distribution and their impact on immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Uchimura et al. (2018) in Immunity examined the systemic distribution of microbiota metabolites.
  • Antibody-mediated effects on bacterial transit in the small intestine were investigated.

Main Results:

  • A fast systemic distribution of microbiota metabolites was observed.
  • Antibodies were found to accelerate bacterial transit through the small intestine.
  • This accelerated transit resulted in reduced local and systemic metabolite penetration.
  • Consequently, immune responses were attenuated.

Conclusions:

  • Antibodies play a crucial role in controlling the systemic distribution of bacterial metabolites.
  • Accelerated intestinal transit by antibodies limits metabolite exposure and modulates immune responses.