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Updated: Feb 5, 2026
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Executive Summary of the 2018 Joint Consensus Document on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Italy
Massimo Volpe1,2, Allegra Battistoni3, Giovanna Gallo3
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy. massimo.volpe@uniroma1.it.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Italy requires tailored strategies. This document adapts European guidelines to Italy's unique demographic and health system characteristics for better primary prevention.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Italy.
- Primary prevention is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals and averting clinical CVD events.
- A modern approach to CVD prevention emphasizes the "4P" model: Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participative.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present key points of a 2018 consensus paper on cardiovascular prevention in Italy.
- To address the challenges of directly applying European guidelines to Italy's specific context.
- To provide a framework for effective CVD prevention tailored to national realities.
Main Methods:
- Consensus paper development involving Italian Scientific Societies and the National Research Council.
- Coordination by the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC).
- Adaptation of European guidelines to Italian demographic, socio-cultural, and healthcare system specifics.
Main Results:
- Highlights the need for context-specific CVD prevention strategies in Italy.
- Emphasizes the "4P" approach for modern cardiovascular health.
- Acknowledges Italy's unique features influencing prevention efforts.
Conclusions:
- European CVD prevention guidelines require adaptation for effective implementation in Italy.
- Italy's specific national characteristics necessitate a tailored approach to cardiovascular health.
- The "4P" model offers a framework for personalized and participatory CVD prevention.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death, disability and hospitalization in Italy. Primary prevention strategies are able to prevent clinically evident CVDs, mostly by early identifying asymptomatic, otherwise healthy individuals at risk of developing CVDs. A more modern approach recommended for effective CVD prevention is based on "4P", that is: Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participative. This executive document reflects the key points of a consensus paper on CV prevention in Italy, realized though the contribution of different Italian Scientific Societies and the National Research Council, and coordinated by the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC), published in 2018. The need for such document relies on the difficulty to apply "sic et simpliciter" European guidelines, to which this document is largely inspired, to national, regional and local realities, in this Mediterranean country, namely Italy. Indeed, our Country has specific features in terms of demography, socio-cultural habits, distribution and prevalence of risk factors, organization, policy and access to National Health Service compared to other European countries.
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