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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Problem-Solving in Patients with Targeted Drug Delivery Systems.

Rez Farid1

  • 1Rez Farid, MD, is Associate Professor of Clinical PM&R, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri Health Care.

Missouri Medicine
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Physicians can manage concerns about intrathecal drug delivery systems in after-hours care. Pump malfunctions are rare, and resources like algorithms and manufacturer support are available for patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Intrathecal drug delivery systems are used for chronic pain management.
  • Patients with these systems often present to emergency rooms with concerns about device function.
  • Physicians may lack experience with these specialized devices, causing anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance for physicians managing patients with intrathecal drug delivery systems during after-hours care.
  • To address the common concern of "my pump isn't working" in emergency settings.
  • To highlight the rarity of actual pump malfunctions and available resources.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common patient complaints related to intrathecal pumps.
  • Identification of available resources for physician support.
  • Discussion of algorithms for managing potential drug under- or over-infusion.

Main Results:

  • Intrathecal pump malfunctions are infrequent.
  • Physicians can be prepared to manage patient concerns effectively.
  • Manufacturer technical support and clinical algorithms are valuable resources.

Conclusions:

  • With appropriate resources, physicians can confidently manage patients with intrathecal drug delivery systems.
  • Preparedness reduces physician anxiety and ensures appropriate patient care.
  • Emphasis on rare malfunctions and available support systems is crucial.