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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
Published on: February 25, 2020
Prognostic significance of NANOG expression in solid tumors: a meta-analysis
Lingqiong Zhao1, Jie Liu2, Shu Chen1
1Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China, xqzhng@126.com.
Purpose:
NANOG is a tumor marker and indicates poor prognosis in various neoplasms; however, the evidence is controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the association of NANOG expression and clinicopathological features, and it impact on survival of patients with malignant tumors.
Methods:
Studies published through May 31, 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Two researchers independently screened the content and quality of studies and extracted data. Correlations of NANOG expression, clinicopathological variables, and survival were analyzed and the combined odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.
Results:
Thirty-three articles including 35 data sets of 3,959 patients were analyzed. Overall, elevated NANOG expression was associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.87-2.58, P<0.001) and poor disease-free survival (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.54-3.18, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis found that NANOG expression was associated with worse overall survival in non-small cell lung (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.26-2.76, P = 0.002), head and neck (HR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.75-3.02, P<0.001), and digestive system (HR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.95-2.91, P<0.001) cancers. Moreover, we found that high NANOG expression was associated with poor tumor differentiation (OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.59-4.55, P = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.50-4.47, P = 0.001), advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.42-3.45, P<0.001), and T stage (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20-0.93, P = 0.031).
Conclusion:
The evidence supports NANOG as a tumor biomarker to guide clinical management and indicate prognosis. Additional studies are needed to further validate these results.
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