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  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

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Summary

Older adults with subjective cognitive decline showed greater language improvements after cognitive training. For cognitively intact individuals, lower executive functions predicted better language gains post-training.

Keywords:
cognitive reservecognitive trainingexecutive functionsnamingolder adultssentence comprehensionsubjective cognitive declineworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Cognitive reserve, executive functions, and working memory are crucial for cognitive performance.
  • Understanding factors influencing language recovery after cognitive interventions is vital for aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive reserve, executive functions, and working memory predict language performance (sentence comprehension, naming) after cognitive training.
  • To compare training outcomes between older adults with subjective cognitive decline and cognitively intact individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-six Spanish older adults (subjective cognitive decline n=35; cognitively intact n=31) participated.
  • Participants completed the UMAM cognitive training program for 6 months.
  • Language skills, cognitive reserve, executive functions, and working memory were assessed at baseline and post-training.

Main Results:

  • The subjective cognitive decline group exhibited greater improvements in language domain compared to the cognitively intact group.
  • In cognitively intact adults, lower baseline executive functioning and working memory capacity predicted larger language benefits post-training.
  • Predictors explained little variance in language performance gains for the subjective cognitive decline group.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive training yields significant language benefits, particularly for older adults with subjective cognitive decline.
  • Baseline cognitive abilities differentially predict training-induced language gains in distinct aging cognitive groups.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate predictors of language improvement in subjective cognitive decline.