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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Incorporating Target Protein Structure Flexibility and Dynamics in Computational Drug Discovery Using Ensemble-Based Docking Analysis
Published on: June 20, 2025
Discovery of Potent Disheveled/Dvl Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening Optimized With NMR-Based Docking Performance
Kiminori Hori1, Kasumi Ajioka2, Natsuko Goda1
1Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract:
Most solid tumors have their own cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to standard chemo-therapies. Recent reports have described that Wnt pathway plays a key role in self-renewal and tumorigenesis of CSCs. Regarding the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Dvl (mammalian Disheveled) is an attractive target of drug discovery. After analyzing the PDZ domain of human Dvl1 (Dvl1-PDZ) using NMR, we subjected it to preliminary NMR titration studies with 17 potential PDZ-binding molecules including CalBioChem-322338, a commercially available Dvl PDZ domain inhibitor. Next, we performed virtual screening (VS) using the program GOLD with nine parameter sets. Results were evaluated using the NMR-derived docking performance index (NMR-DPI). One parameter set of GOLD docking showing the best NMR-DPI was selected and used for the second VS against 5,135 compounds. The second docking trial identified more than 1,700 compounds that exhibited higher scores than CalBioChem-322338. Subsequent NMR titration experiments with five new candidate molecules (NPL-4001, 4004, 4011, 4012, and 4013), Dvl1-PDZ revealed larger chemical shift changes than those of CalBioChem-322338. Finally, these compounds showed partial proliferation inhibition activity against BT-20, a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell. These compounds are promising Wnt pathway inhibitors that are potentially useful for anti-TNBC therapy.
Insights
Researchers identified novel Wnt pathway inhibitors targeting Disheveled (Dvl) to combat chemo-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). These compounds show promise for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Drug Discovery
Background:
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor growth and chemoresistance in solid tumors.
- The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial for CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis.
- Mammalian Disheveled (Dvl) is a key regulator in the Wnt pathway and a potential drug target.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel inhibitors of the Dvl PDZ domain.
- To evaluate the potential of these inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Main Methods:
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze Dvl1-PDZ interactions.
- Virtual screening (VS) using GOLD software to identify potential drug candidates.
- NMR titration experiments to validate binding of new compounds.
- Cell proliferation assays using BT-20 TNBC cells.
Main Results:
- Identified over 1,700 compounds with higher binding scores than a known inhibitor.
- Five novel compounds (NPL-4001, 4004, 4011, 4012, 4013) showed significant interaction with Dvl1-PDZ via NMR.
- These compounds demonstrated partial inhibition of BT-20 cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
- The identified compounds are potent Wnt pathway inhibitors targeting Dvl.
- These novel inhibitors hold potential for developing new anti-TNBC therapies.
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