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Emerging Developments in Microbiome and Microglia Research: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Yeonwoo Lebovitz1, Veronica M Ringel-Scaia1, Irving C Allen1,2,3

  • 1Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.

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|September 21, 2018
PubMed
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The gut microbiome influences brain health and neurodevelopment. Disruptions in the microbiome may impact neuroimmune cells like microglia, potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
autismbacterial metabolitesgut bacterialactobacillusmicrobiotaneurodevelopmentneuroimmune

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Host-microbiome interactions are key in health and disease.
  • Perinatal microbiome insults correlate with neurobehavioral outcomes.
  • Mechanisms are being elucidated using animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review clinical and preclinical findings on gut bacteria and host neuroactivity.
  • Examine microbiome-microglia crosstalk.
  • Address the role of microbiome dysbiosis in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and preclinical studies.
  • Analysis of germ-free and antibiotic-treated animal models.
  • Examination of pharmacological and genetic strategies in microbiome research.

Main Results:

  • Gut bacteria and their metabolites exhibit neuroactive properties.
  • Microglia function can be modulated by microbial programming.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis is hypothesized to alter neuroimmune cell programming.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome significantly impacts neurological health.
  • Microbiome-microglia interactions are a critical area of study.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis may underlie atypical neurodevelopment.