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Emerging Developments in Microbiome and Microglia Research: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Yeonwoo Lebovitz1, Veronica M Ringel-Scaia1, Irving C Allen1,2,3

  • 1Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 21, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The gut microbiome influences brain health and neurodevelopment. Disruptions in the microbiome may impact neuroimmune cells like microglia, potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Host-microbiome interactions are key in health and disease.
  • Perinatal microbiome insults correlate with neurobehavioral outcomes.
  • Mechanisms are being elucidated using animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review clinical and preclinical findings on gut bacteria and host neuroactivity.
  • Examine microbiome-microglia crosstalk.
  • Address the role of microbiome dysbiosis in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and preclinical studies.
  • Analysis of germ-free and antibiotic-treated animal models.
  • Examination of pharmacological and genetic strategies in microbiome research.

Main Results:

  • Gut bacteria and their metabolites exhibit neuroactive properties.
  • Microglia function can be modulated by microbial programming.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis is hypothesized to alter neuroimmune cell programming.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome significantly impacts neurological health.
  • Microbiome-microglia interactions are a critical area of study.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis may underlie atypical neurodevelopment.
Keywords:
autismbacterial metabolitesgut bacterialactobacillusmicrobiotaneurodevelopmentneuroimmune

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