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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Risk factors for frontotemporal dementia.

Hege Rasmussen, Eystein Stordal, Tor Atle Rosness

    Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
    |September 21, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Modifiable risk factors like diabetes, head trauma, and autoimmune diseases may increase frontotemporal dementia risk. However, more research is needed to establish clinical guidelines for prevention.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Neuroscience
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) risk factors are not well understood.
    • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for potential prevention strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an updated overview of modifiable risk factors for FTD.
    • To assess the evidence base for clinical recommendations to reduce FTD risk.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycInfo, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases (May 2016-April 2017).
    • Articles focusing solely on genetic aspects of FTD were excluded.
    • 12 relevant review articles and original studies were included after full-text review.

    Main Results:

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    • Some studies indicated a link between modifiable factors and FTD development.
    • Diabetes was associated with increased FTD risk in one study.
    • Head trauma and autoimmune diseases were linked to increased FTD risk, including primary progressive aphasia.

    Conclusions:

    • Evidence suggests potential links between diabetes, head trauma, autoimmune diseases, and FTD.
    • Current knowledge is insufficient to support population-level lifestyle modification recommendations for FTD prevention.