Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.3K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.3K
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

169.0K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
169.0K
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

42.8K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
42.8K
Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis01:28

Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis

146.9K
Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
146.9K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.7K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.7K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

16.1K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blue Light-Mediated Nitric Oxide-Releasing Formulation for the Multimodal Treatment of Acne Vulgaris.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026
Same author

Treatment of periodontal biofilms via nitric oxide-augmented phototherapy.

Journal of oral microbiology·2026
Same author

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Therapeutics for Treating Bacterial Infections: Anatomical Targeting and Therapeutic Design.

ACS infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Nitric oxide-releasing hyaluronic acid as an antibacterial and immunomodulatory acne therapeutic.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Pyridine-assisted solvent engineering for high-quality narrow-bandgap perovskites in efficient tandem modules.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Influence of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Hyaluronic Acid Form on Immune Modulation.

Biomacromolecules·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.5K

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Cyclodextrins.

Haibao Jin1, Lei Yang1, Mona Jasmine R Ahonen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives release nitric oxide (NO) to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tailored NO release and exterior modifications enhance antibacterial activity, showing potential for dual-drug delivery.

More Related Videos

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas
08:58

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

17.7K
Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.5K
Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas
08:58

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

17.7K
Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
07:13

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

Published on: January 7, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are versatile hosts with potential in drug delivery and therapeutics.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) possesses significant antimicrobial properties but requires controlled delivery systems.
  • Developing novel NO-releasing materials is crucial for combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel secondary amine-modified cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives.
  • To functionalize these derivatives with nitric oxide (NO) donors for controlled release applications.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and potential therapeutic applications of these NO-releasing CD derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of secondary amine-modified CD derivatives with varied terminal groups.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) gas conjugation under alkaline conditions to form N-diazeniumdiolate donors.
  • Quantification of NO payload and determination of NO release kinetics (half-life).
  • Assessment of bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • Evaluation of cytotoxicity against mammalian L929 mouse fibroblast cells.
  • Demonstration of dual-drug delivery capability with promethazine.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized diverse secondary amine-modified CD derivatives.
  • Achieved tunable NO payloads (0.6-2.4 μmol/mg) and release half-lives (0.7-4.2 h).
  • Demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dependent on NO payload and exterior modification.
  • Identified primary amine-terminated CDs as highly effective against P. aeruginosa.
  • Observed cytotoxicity only in primary amine-terminated heptasubstituted CD derivatives.
  • Showcased potential for dual-drug delivery of hydrophobic drugs like promethazine.

Conclusions:

  • Novel NO-releasing CD derivatives offer tunable antimicrobial properties.
  • High NO density and primary amine functionalization enhance bactericidal efficacy against P. aeruginosa.
  • These NO-releasing CDs show promise as therapeutics for challenging bacterial infections.
  • Potential for dual-drug delivery applications expands their therapeutic utility.