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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Frames01:30

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Frames are essential components of various mechanical and structural systems used daily. These structures are known for their stability and ability to bear heavy loads. A frame is constructed using two-force and multi-force members, interconnected using pin joints. In contrast, trusses are made entirely of two-force members.
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Frames: Problem Solving II01:26

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Consider a hydraulic hoist supporting a load of 1 kN. Assuming a simplified schematic representation of this frame structure, the force acting on BD and BF members can be determined.
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Frames: Problem Solving I01:24

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Consider a jib crane with an external load suspended from the pulley. The dimensions of the crane members are shown in the figure. A systematic analysis of the frame structure is required to determine the reaction forces at the pin joints, assuming that the pulleys are frictionless.
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Standing Waves01:17

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

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Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
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Standing frames for children with cerebral palsy: a mixed-methods feasibility study.

Jane Goodwin1, Jan Lecouturier1, Anna Basu2,3

  • 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Standing frames are widely used for children with cerebral palsy (CP), but evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. A future clinical trial is deemed acceptable with careful planning and stakeholder engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Pediatric Physical Therapy
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • Standing frames are recommended for postural management in young people with cerebral palsy (CP) GMFCS level IV-V.
  • Potential benefits include improved bone density, gastrointestinal function, and social participation.
  • Evidence for clinical effectiveness is lacking, necessitating evaluative research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the acceptability of a future clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of standing frames.
  • To gather perspectives from professionals and parents on current practices and trial feasibility.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential mixed-methods design incorporating surveys, focus groups, and in-depth interviews.
  • Surveys of current standing frame practice (n=551) and trial acceptability (n=585).
  • Focus groups with professionals and parents (49 participants), and interviews with young people (12 participants).

Main Results:

  • Standing frames are commonly used in schools and homes, but adherence to prescribed use varies due to practical factors.
  • Participation and activity engagement are important to young people using standing frames.
  • Most participants believe research is necessary, though some fear harm from trial-induced cessation of use; a 12-week suspension is the maximum acceptable duration.

Conclusions:

  • While parents and professionals acknowledge the lack of evidence, they hold strong beliefs in the clinical effectiveness of standing frames.
  • Key stakeholder engagement and meticulous planning are crucial for trial acceptability.
  • A carefully planned trial, including a pilot phase, is recommended to evaluate standing frame effectiveness.