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Related Concept Videos

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
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Swallowing function in advanced age.

Marie Jardine1, Anna Miles1, Jacqui E Allen2,3

  • 1Speech Science, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland.

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|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swallowing efficiency remains strong in healthy older adults, but advanced age increases variability. Early screening for dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) is crucial to prevent risks and improve quality of life for the aging population.

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Aging is associated with physiological changes that can affect swallowing function.
  • Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common concern in older adults, impacting health and quality of life.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are increasingly recognized as vital for managing swallowing disorders in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current scientific literature on swallowing function in advanced age.
  • To explore aspects of healthy aging, dysphagia, and evolving multidisciplinary service delivery models.
  • To identify gaps and future directions in the management of swallowing disorders in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of current research on swallowing in advanced age.
  • Analysis of normative swallowing studies and investigations into dysphagia symptoms.
  • Examination of emerging trends in the assessment and treatment of swallowing dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Normative data indicate preserved swallowing efficiency in healthy older adults, with increased variability up to age 100.
  • Deviations from normative values and dysphagia symptoms suggest a disorder, not just aging.
  • Emerging quantitative and qualitative studies highlight innovative management strategies, including home-based treatments and optimized mealtimes.

Conclusions:

  • Current literature emphasizes multidisciplinary efforts to enhance the quality of life for older adults with swallowing issues.
  • Routine screening for swallowing impairment and malnutrition risk is essential due to the diverse older population and severe consequences of dysphagia.
  • Further research, particularly including the 'oldest old' (over 85), is needed to refine swallowing management strategies.