Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026
11:52
Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
Published on: January 27, 2023
4.5K
S100A12 facilitates osteoclast differentiation from human monocytes.
Miwa Nishida1,2, Jun Saegusa1,3, Shino Tanaka1
1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
Plos One
|September 21, 2018
Summary
S100A12 promotes osteoclast formation and bone resorption, contributing to inflammatory osteolysis. Blocking RAGE and TLR4 pathways negates these effects, suggesting S100A12 as a therapeutic target for bone inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Bone Biology
Background:
- Osteoclasts are crucial for bone homeostasis and inflammatory osteolysis.
- Inflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α influence osteoclast activity, but their precise roles are unclear.
- S100A12, a pro-inflammatory protein, has unknown effects on osteoclast differentiation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the direct effects of S100A12 on human osteoclast formation and function in vitro.
- To elucidate the role of S100A12 in inflammatory osteolysis.
Main Methods:
- Human osteoclasts were cultured in vitro with S100A12 and RANKL.
- Osteoclast formation, morphology, and expression of key osteoclast markers (NFATc1, ACP5, CALCR, ITGβ3, CTSK, CA2) were assessed.
- The impact of blocking RAGE and TLR4 pathways on S100A12 effects was evaluated.
Main Results:
- S100A12 significantly facilitated osteoclast formation and enhanced bone resorption.
- Elevated expression of osteoclast-related molecules was observed with S100A12 treatment.
- Blocking RAGE and TLR4 pathways abrogated the pro-osteoclastogenic effects of S100A12.
Conclusions:
- S100A12 directly promotes human osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
- S100A12 mediates its effects through RAGE and TLR4 signaling pathways.
- S100A12 represents a potential therapeutic target for managing inflammatory osteolysis.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Facilitated Transport
148.7K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
148.7K
01:19Facilitated Transport
18.8K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
18.8K
01:04Social Facilitation
36.6K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.6K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
4.2K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.2K
01:16Facilitated Diffusion
1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K
01:25Implicit Differentiation
55
In classical mechanics, motion is often described through relationships between spatial coordinates and time. A car moving along a straight highway with constant acceleration serves as a simple case where velocity is an explicit function of time. This scenario results in a linear equation, enabling straightforward analysis using basic differentiation techniques.In contrast, a satellite in circular orbit follows a path defined by an implicit function. The position of the satellite is constrained...
55