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Multi-element rice grains analysis by ICP OES and classification by processing types.

Jhoucely Runge1, Otávio A Heringer2, Juliano S Ribeiro3

  • 1Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Brazil; Department of Research and Development - Tommasi Ambiental, Brazil.

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|September 22, 2018
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This study analyzed trace element concentrations in five rice brands, revealing significant differences based on processing. Processing type greatly impacts mineral composition, affecting nutrient levels in brown, parboiled, and polished rice.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food, often grown in irrigated fields that absorb various trace elements.
  • These elements can migrate during different rice processing methods, potentially altering nutritional content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the concentration of 21 trace elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Tl, Zn) in five national rice brands.
  • To identify differences and migration patterns of these elements across brown, parboiled, and polished rice varieties for each brand.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of five national rice brands available in the local market.
  • Quantification of 21 trace elements using advanced analytical techniques.
  • Statistical evaluation using ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey tests, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Main Results:

  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that processing types explained 94.33% of the variance in mineral composition, indicating strong differentiation.
  • Potassium (K) was found to be widely distributed throughout the grain.
  • Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), and Barium (Ba) are concentrated in the outer layers, making them susceptible to loss during processing.
  • Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and Zinc (Zn) showed sensitivity to the parboiling hydrothermal process.

Conclusions:

  • Rice processing significantly alters the mineral composition and trace element profile of rice grains.
  • Understanding element migration during processing is crucial for assessing the nutritional value and safety of different rice types.
  • Specific elements like K, Mg, Fe, Ba, Ca, Sr, and Zn exhibit distinct distribution and migration behaviors influenced by processing methods.