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Related Concept Videos

Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
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Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

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Body:Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Biosimilar switching - current state of knowledge.

Piotr Wiland1, Bogdan Batko2, Marek Brzosko3

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Teaching Hospital in Wrocław, Poland.

Reumatologia
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biosimilar medicines are as safe and effective as originator products in rheumatology. Switching between biosimilars and reference biologics does not negatively impact patient safety or therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:
biosimilar medicinesafety rheumatic diseasesswitching

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Biosimilar medicines have been used clinically for over a decade.
  • Concerns persist regarding the safety of switching between biosimilar and originator products in rheumatology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of biosimilar medicines in rheumatology.
  • To address the debate surrounding switching protocols between biosimilars and reference biologics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical experience with biosimilars in the European Union.
  • Analysis of randomized double-blind and open-label extension trials.
  • Examination of international task force recommendations from 2017.

Main Results:

  • Biosimilars demonstrate comparable safety and therapeutic efficacy to originator medicines.
  • Studies show no significant differences in efficacy or safety following switches between biosimilars and reference products.
  • No clinical evidence suggests significant risks associated with a single switch from an originator to a biosimilar.

Conclusions:

  • Biosimilar medicines can be safely used for all registered indications in rheumatology.
  • Switching between biosimilars and reference products is clinically safe and does not compromise therapeutic outcomes.
  • Current evidence supports the use of biosimilars without concerns for patient safety or efficacy reduction.