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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

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Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies

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Stroke mimics and chameleons.

Solène Moulin1, Didier Leys2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke mimics, conditions mimicking stroke, are common in emergency admissions. Stroke chameleons present unusual symptoms, complicating diagnosis and treatment, requiring improved provider education for accurate patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Stroke mimics are conditions initially suspected as stroke but not confirmed.
  • Stroke chameleons present with atypical symptoms that can obscure a true stroke diagnosis.
  • Accurate identification of these conditions is crucial for appropriate patient management and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify frequent clinical scenarios involving stroke mimics and chameleons.
  • To understand the consequences of misdiagnosing these conditions for patients.
  • To review current diagnostic approaches and their limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on stroke mimics and chameleons.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges.
  • Evaluation of treatment implications and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Stroke mimics constitute up to 25% of suspected stroke admissions.
  • Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is generally safe in stroke mimics.
  • Modern neuroimaging aids in identifying mimics, but chameleons pose greater diagnostic challenges.
  • Delayed or incorrect treatment occurs in stroke chameleons due to atypical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Improved provider education is essential for recognizing stroke mimics and chameleons.
  • While IVT is safe for mimics, focus should remain on timely stroke treatment.
  • Stroke chameleons require heightened clinical suspicion and tailored diagnostic strategies.
  • Addressing these diagnostic challenges can optimize patient care and improve stroke outcomes.