Analysis and Comparison of Tissue-Marking Dye Detection via Light Microscopy, Telemicroscopy, and Virtual Microscopy

To examine the fidelity of ink color identification using light microscopy (LM), telemicroscopy (TM), and virtual microscopy (VM).

Twenty H&E-stained frozen section slides, prepared after tissue inking with five stain combinations, were assessed by three pathologists using LM, TM, and VM. TM was performed using Mikroscan D2 slide scanner/LiveQ software with various objectives. VM was performed using Mikroscan D2 scanner/Qumulus software, specimens digitized at20×.

Sensitivity/specificity by LM was 100%/100% for all colors. TM showed high overall specificity but poor sensitivity, particularly red (54%). VM showed high specificity for all colors except black (69%) and, consequently, poor sensitivity for all colors except black (96%).

TMD identification via telepathology showed loss of sensitivity/specificity vs LM and highlighted the need for caution when interpreting TMDs with digital technologies and the need for validation protocols.