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Uncommon low-grade brain tumors

Thankamma Ajithkumar1, Naduni Imbulgoda2, Elliott Rees3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.

Neuro-Oncology
|September 22, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study reviews uncommon low-grade brain tumors classified by the WHO. Future management may involve targeted therapies based on specific genetic mutations like BRAF.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification details rare low-grade (grades I-II) primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
  • These neoplasms exhibit diverse clinical behaviors and prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of uncommon low-grade CNS tumors.
  • To highlight the primary treatment modalities and the potential role of adjuvant therapies.
  • To discuss emerging targeted mutations for future therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors.
  • Analysis of treatment principles for low-grade brain neoplasms.
  • Identification of targetable mutations relevant to CNS tumor management.

Main Results:

  • Gross total or maximal safe tumor resection is the standard primary treatment.
  • The role of adjuvant treatments requires individualized assessment based on pathological subtypes and risk-benefit analysis.
  • Mutations in BRAF (proto-oncogene B-Raf), TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor apoptosis inducing ligand), and PDGFR (platelet derived growth factor receptor) show promise for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Management of uncommon low-grade CNS tumors relies on surgical resection and individualized adjuvant strategies.
  • Targeted therapies focusing on mutations like BRAF, TRAIL, and PDGFR represent a promising frontier in neuro-oncology.
Keywords:
brain tumorslow-grademutationstreatment

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